CentOS 修改字符集

查看可用字符集

[root@hadoop01 ~]# locale -a | grep 18030
zh_CN.gb18030
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# locale -a | grep 18030

zh_CN.gb18030

[root@hadoop01 ~]#

修改

[root@hadoop01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n 

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"

LANG="zh_CN.gb18030"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"

1 2	LANG="zh_CN.gb18030" SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"

查看当前字符集

[root@hadoop01 ~]# locale
LANG=zh_CN.gb18030
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.gb18030"
LC_ALL=

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# locale

LANG=zh_CN.gb18030

LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_TIME="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_PAPER="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_NAME="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.gb18030"

LC_ALL=

香蕉与打火机 2015年4月1日 Linux 0 Read more >

linux 端口管理（查看与关闭）

参考：http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0210network-secure.php#portlimit

查看端口情况

netstat

查看正在监听的端口

[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10033               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4242                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunl

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10033 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4242 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

查看输入输出端口（端口连接状态）

加了-l则将输出端口筛选掉了。

以下命令行输出均应为IP，这里全部替换为主机名。

[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tun
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State      
tcp        0      0 hadoop01:41906         hadoop01:8020          TIME_WAIT   
tcp        0      0 hadoop01:59464         hadoop01:2181          ESTABLISHED

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tun

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 hadoop01:41906 hadoop01:8020 TIME_WAIT

tcp 0 0 hadoop01:59464 hadoop01:2181 ESTABLISHED

删除已连接或在监听的端口

新起一个ssh连接

从hadoop02机器ssh到hadoop01，观察hadoop01机器上的端口变化。

[root@hadoop02 ~]# ssh hadoop01
Last login: Wed Apr  1 14:00:09 2015 from 10.62.250.103
Authorized users only.All activities will be monitored and reported.
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

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[root@hadoop02 ~]# ssh hadoop01

Last login: Wed Apr 1 14:00:09 2015 from 10.62.250.103

Authorized users only.All activities will be monitored and reported.

[root@hadoop01 ~]#

查看端口进程号（无关端口略）

[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunp
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   
<strong>tcp        0      0 hadoop01:22            hadoop02:34751         ESTABLISHED 6591/sshd</strong>

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunp

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

<strong>tcp 0 0 hadoop01:22 hadoop02:34751 ESTABLISHED 6591/sshd</strong>

杀死端口号对应进程

[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunp | grep sshd
tcp        0      0 hadoop01:22            hadoop02:34751         ESTABLISHED 6591/sshd           
[root@hadoop01 ~]# kill -9 6591
[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunp | grep sshd
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunp | grep sshd

tcp 0 0 hadoop01:22 hadoop02:34751 ESTABLISHED 6591/sshd

[root@hadoop01 ~]# kill -9 6591

[root@hadoop01 ~]# netstat -tunp | grep sshd

[root@hadoop01 ~]#

查看登录机器的提示

[root@hadoop01 ~]# Connection to hadoop01 closed by remote host.
Connection to hadoop01 closed.
[root@hadoop02 ~]#

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# Connection to hadoop01 closed by remote host.

Connection to hadoop01 closed.

[root@hadoop02 ~]#

nmap

用法

直接引用鸟哥的用法文档：

[root@www ~]# nmap [掃瞄類型] [掃瞄參數] [hosts 位址與範圍]
選項與參數：
[掃瞄類型]：主要的掃瞄類型有底下幾種：
    -sT：掃瞄 TCP 封包已建立的連線 connect() ！
    -sS：掃瞄 TCP 封包帶有 SYN 標籤的資料
    -sP：以 ping 的方式進行掃瞄
    -sU：以 UDP 的封包格式進行掃瞄
    -sO：以 IP 的協定 (protocol) 進行主機的掃瞄
[掃瞄參數]：主要的掃瞄參數有幾種：
    -PT：使用 TCP 裡頭的 ping 的方式來進行掃瞄，可以獲知目前有幾部電腦存活(較常用)
    -PI：使用實際的 ping (帶有 ICMP 封包的) 來進行掃瞄
    -p ：這個是 port range ，例如 1024-, 80-1023, 30000-60000 等等的使用方式
[Hosts 位址與範圍]：這個有趣多了，有幾種類似的類型
    192.168.1.100  ：直接寫入 HOST IP 而已，僅檢查一部；
    192.168.1.0/24 ：為 C Class 的型態，
    192.168.*.*　　：嘿嘿！則變為 B Class 的型態了！掃瞄的範圍變廣了！
    192.168.1.0-50,60-100,103,200 ：這種是變形的主機範圍啦！很好用吧！

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[root@www ~]# nmap [掃瞄類型] [掃瞄參數] [hosts 位址與範圍]

選項與參數：

[掃瞄類型]：主要的掃瞄類型有底下幾種：

-sT：掃瞄 TCP 封包已建立的連線 connect() ！

-sS：掃瞄 TCP 封包帶有 SYN 標籤的資料

-sP：以 ping 的方式進行掃瞄

-sU：以 UDP 的封包格式進行掃瞄

-sO：以 IP 的協定 (protocol) 進行主機的掃瞄

[掃瞄參數]：主要的掃瞄參數有幾種：

-PT：使用 TCP 裡頭的 ping 的方式來進行掃瞄，可以獲知目前有幾部電腦存活(較常用)

-PI：使用實際的 ping (帶有 ICMP 封包的) 來進行掃瞄

-p ：這個是 port range ，例如 1024-, 80-1023, 30000-60000 等等的使用方式

[Hosts 位址與範圍]：這個有趣多了，有幾種類似的類型

192.168.1.100 ：直接寫入 HOST IP 而已，僅檢查一部；

192.168.1.0/24 ：為 C Class 的型態，

192.168.*.*　　：嘿嘿！則變為 B Class 的型態了！掃瞄的範圍變廣了！

192.168.1.0-50,60-100,103,200 ：這種是變形的主機範圍啦！很好用吧！

扫描某一主机打开的端口（仅TCP）

[root@hadoop01 ~]# nmap hadoop02

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-01 14:53 CST
Nmap scan report for hadoop02 (10.62.228.212)
Host is up (0.00025s latency).
Not shown: 993 closed ports
PORT      STATE SERVICE
22/tcp    open  ssh
111/tcp   open  rpcbind
2049/tcp  open  nfs
4242/tcp  open  vrml-multi-use
8042/tcp  open  fs-agent
14000/tcp open  scotty-ft
60020/tcp open  unknown
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:65:62 (VMware)

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.15 seconds

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# nmap hadoop02

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-01 14:53 CST

Nmap scan report for hadoop02 (10.62.228.212)

Host is up (0.00025s latency).

Not shown: 993 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

22/tcp open ssh

111/tcp open rpcbind

2049/tcp open nfs

4242/tcp open vrml-multi-use

8042/tcp open fs-agent

14000/tcp open scotty-ft

60020/tcp open unknown

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:65:62 (VMware)

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.15 seconds

查看主机打开的所有端口

[root@hadoop01 ~]# nmap -sTU localhost

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-02 09:25 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.00035s latency).
Not shown: 1988 closed ports
PORT      STATE         SERVICE
22/tcp    open          ssh
111/tcp   open          rpcbind
631/tcp   open          ipp
2049/tcp  open          nfs
3306/tcp  open          mysql
4242/tcp  open          vrml-multi-use
8042/tcp  open          fs-agent
8888/tcp  open          sun-answerbook
10000/tcp open          snet-sensor-mgmt
14000/tcp open          scotty-ft
111/udp   open          rpcbind
631/udp   open|filtered ipp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.33 seconds

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# nmap -sTU localhost

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-02 09:25 CST

Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)

Host is up (0.00035s latency).

Not shown: 1988 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

22/tcp open ssh

111/tcp open rpcbind

631/tcp open ipp

2049/tcp open nfs

3306/tcp open mysql

4242/tcp open vrml-multi-use

8042/tcp open fs-agent

8888/tcp open sun-answerbook

10000/tcp open snet-sensor-mgmt

14000/tcp open scotty-ft

111/udp open rpcbind

631/udp open|filtered ipp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.33 seconds

扫描网段内的机器（机器多了略耗时）

本处隐去了原始IP，用192.168.1.*示意。

[root@hadoop01 ~]# nmap -sP 192.168.1.1/24

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-02 09:26 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.200
Host is up (0.00094s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:50:91 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.201
Host is up (0.00064s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:08:64 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.202
Host is up (0.00093s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:50:91 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.203
Host is up (0.00093s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:3E:57 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.204
Host is up (0.00093s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:2B:BA (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.205
Host is up (0.00052s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:6B:10 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.206
Host is up (0.00088s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:24:AC (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.208
Host is up (0.00046s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:68:1B (VMware)
Nmap scan report for hadoop01 (192.168.1.211)
Host is up.
Nmap scan report for hadoop02 (192.168.1.212)
Host is up (0.00072s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:65:62 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for hadoop03 (192.168.1.213)
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:05:C9 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.250
Host is up (0.0014s latency).
MAC Address: 74:8E:F8:CA:2A:40 (Brocade Communications Systems)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.251
Host is up (0.0014s latency).
MAC Address: 74:8E:F8:CA:2A:00 (Brocade Communications Systems)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.252
Host is up (0.093s latency).
MAC Address: 90:17:AC:BF:F2:B5 (Unknown)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.253
Host is up (0.045s latency).
MAC Address: 90:17:AC:BF:F2:A1 (Unknown)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.254
Host is up (0.049s latency).
MAC Address: 00:00:5E:00:01:1C (USC Information Sciences Inst)
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (16 hosts up) scanned in 32.64 seconds

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# nmap -sP 192.168.1.1/24

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-04-02 09:26 CST

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.200

Host is up (0.00094s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:50:91 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.201

Host is up (0.00064s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:08:64 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.202

Host is up (0.00093s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:50:91 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.203

Host is up (0.00093s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:3E:57 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.204

Host is up (0.00093s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:2B:BA (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.205

Host is up (0.00052s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:6B:10 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.206

Host is up (0.00088s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:24:AC (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.208

Host is up (0.00046s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:68:1B (VMware)

Nmap scan report for hadoop01 (192.168.1.211)

Host is up.

Nmap scan report for hadoop02 (192.168.1.212)

Host is up (0.00072s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:65:62 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for hadoop03 (192.168.1.213)

Host is up (0.0011s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:05:C9 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.250

Host is up (0.0014s latency).

MAC Address: 74:8E:F8:CA:2A:40 (Brocade Communications Systems)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.251

Host is up (0.0014s latency).

MAC Address: 74:8E:F8:CA:2A:00 (Brocade Communications Systems)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.252

Host is up (0.093s latency).

MAC Address: 90:17:AC:BF:F2:B5 (Unknown)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.253

Host is up (0.045s latency).

MAC Address: 90:17:AC:BF:F2:A1 (Unknown)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.254

Host is up (0.049s latency).

MAC Address: 00:00:5E:00:01:1C (USC Information Sciences Inst)

Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (16 hosts up) scanned in 32.64 seconds

香蕉与打火机 2015年4月1日 Linux 0 Read more >

linux 查看当前登陆用户与之发信息

查看当前登陆用户：

w

[root@banana ~]# w
 16:32:14 up 31 days,  1:43,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     :0               04Jan15 31days 22.68s 22.68s /usr/bin/Xorg :
root     pts/0    192.168.1.1      16:31    0.00s  0.04s  0.01s w

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[root@banana ~]# w

16:32:14 up 31 days, 1:43, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

root tty1 :0 04Jan15 31days 22.68s 22.68s /usr/bin/Xorg :

root pts/0 192.168.1.1 16:31 0.00s 0.04s 0.01s w

比较逗趣的是可以给用户发信息

机器一

[root@banana ~]# w
 16:55:07 up 31 days,  2:06,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     :0               04Jan15 31days 22.69s 22.69s /usr/bin/Xorg :
root     pts/0    IP2      16:31    6.00s  0.04s  0.04s -bash
root     pts/1    IP1    16:53    0.00s  0.04s  0.01s w
[root@banana ~]# write root pts/0
hello world
#ctrl+c退出输入

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[root@banana ~]# w

16:55:07 up 31 days, 2:06, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

root tty1 :0 04Jan15 31days 22.69s 22.69s /usr/bin/Xorg :

root pts/0 IP2 16:31 6.00s 0.04s 0.04s -bash

root pts/1 IP1 16:53 0.00s 0.04s 0.01s w

[root@banana ~]# write root pts/0

hello world

#ctrl+c退出输入

机器二

[root@banana ~]# 
Message from root@banana.ctbj.com on pts/1 at 16:58 ...
hello world
EOF

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[root@banana ~]#

Message from root@banana.ctbj.com on pts/1 at 16:58 ...

hello world

EOF

香蕉与打火机 2015年2月4日 Linux 0 Read more >

使用TOP查看内存占用情况

可以直接使用top命令后，查看%MEM的内容。可以选择按进程查看或者按用户查看，如想查看oracle用户的进程内存使用情况的话可以使用如下的命令：
$ top -u oracle

内容解释：

　　PID：进程的ID
USER：进程所有者
PR：进程的优先级别，越小越优先被执行
NInice：值
VIRT：进程占用的虚拟内存
RES：进程占用的物理内存
SHR：进程使用的共享内存
S：进程的状态。S表示休眠，R表示正在运行，Z表示僵死状态，N表示该进程优先值为负数
%CPU：进程占用CPU的使用率
%MEM：进程使用的物理内存和总内存的百分比
TIME+：该进程启动后占用的总的CPU时间，即占用CPU使用时间的累加值。
COMMAND：进程启动命令名称

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/xd502djj/archive/2011/03/01/1968041.html

香蕉与打火机 2015年1月27日 Linux 0 Read more >

rhel 绑定双网卡主备

百度知道：http://jingyan.baidu.com/album/25648fc1a2cbc99190fd007a.html?picindex=1

一、新建bond文件

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

DEVICE=bond0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=8.8.8.8
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=9.9.9.9
BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"

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DEVICE=bond0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=8.8.8.8

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=9.9.9.9

BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"

配上网络，以后的网络出入都走这个。

mode=1指主备，0则为负载均衡。

miimon=100的意思就是,每100毫秒检测网卡和交换机之间是否连通,如不通则使用另外的链路

二、修改网卡文件

物理网卡配置到bond上。

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes

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DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

同理另一块网卡

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes

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DEVICE=eth1

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

三、修改/etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf

添加以下行

alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 miimon=100 mode=1

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运行

modprobe -i bonding

1	modprobe -i bonding

四、重启网络

service network restart

1	service network restart

香蕉与打火机 2015年1月9日 Linux 0 Read more >

linux I/O优化物理内存与swap使用策略设置

文件：/proc/sys/vm/swappiness

含义：调整使用物理内存及磁盘swap的优先级

数值范围：[0-100]

0，将会避免使用swapping
100，将会尽量使用swapping
少用swapping会增加程序的响应速度；多用swapping将会提高系统的可用性。

参考：http://wlservers.blog.163.com/blog/static/120622304201241715945256/

香蕉与打火机 2014年12月9日 Linux 0 Read more >

linux mapper路径与物理路径的关系

今天两台机器的fstab文件被改错了，修复fstab后恢复了。

一个老问题：

/dev/mapper/vg_temp-lv_root与/dev/vg_temp/lv_root到底是啥关系。

/dev/vg_temp/lv_root是物理地址，无需多说。

mapper这个是逻辑地址，是到物理设备（物理地址）的映射。由device mapper进行管理。

具体看链接：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-devmapper/#

香蕉与打火机 2014年11月25日 Linux 0 Read more >

linux fstab 文件出错导致的无法启动

今天fstab编写错误导致不能开机，错误图：

恢复关键是得到正确的fstab文件。

#以可读写方式重新挂载文件系统（否则不能修改fstab文件）
mount -o remount,rw / 
#改正/etc/fstab
reboot

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#以可读写方式重新挂载文件系统（否则不能修改fstab文件）

mount -o remount,rw /

#改正/etc/fstab

reboot

mysql MHA + keepalived 实现高可用

MHA实现了mysql 的自动故障切换，但是切换后还需要手工修改应用的访问ip。

原文：http://bananalighter.com/mysql-master-ha-solution-one-master-one-candidate-master-and-multiple-slaves-configuration/

本文将配置keepalived与MHA一起工作，实现对mysql应用的透明高可用。

一、确定工作模式

MHA是检测mysql进程状态，自动连接备用机进行切换。

keepalived是检测keepalived的进程状态，自动将虚拟IP切换到备机。

因此在故障切换时，需要先切换mysql，等备机的mysql服务可用以后切换虚拟IP。

二、工作方式

MHA完成mysql master的切换后，调用“master_ip_failover”脚本杀死keepalived进程，触发keepalived切换虚拟IP。

1.修改/etc/masterha_default.cnf

[server default]
user=root
password=root
ssh_user=root
master_binlog_dir= /var/lib/mysql
remote_workdir=/data/log/masterha
#secondary_check_script= masterha_secondary_check -s remote_host1 -s remote_host2
ping_interval=3
master_ip_failover_script=/script/masterha/master_ip_failover
#shutdown_script= /script/masterha/power_manager
#report_script= /script/masterha/send_master_failover_mail

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[server default]

user=root

password=root

ssh_user=root

master_binlog_dir= /var/lib/mysql

remote_workdir=/data/log/masterha

#secondary_check_script= masterha_secondary_check -s remote_host1 -s remote_host2

ping_interval=3

master_ip_failover_script=/script/masterha/master_ip_failover

#shutdown_script= /script/masterha/power_manager

#report_script= /script/masterha/send_master_failover_mail

2.配置keepalived

直接使用官方源安装keepalived。

编辑/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

MASTER的配置文件：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
#   notification_email {
#     acassen@firewall.loc
#     failover@firewall.loc
#     sysadmin@firewall.loc
#   }
#   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
#   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
#   smtp_connect_timeout 30
#   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER #candidate master则写BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51 #同一个集群这个东西是一样的
    priority 100 #从254到1，master > candidate master
    advert_int 1
    authentication { #认证账号，同一个集群一样
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress { #虚拟ip，主先用着，主跪了就飘给备
        172.19.17.228
    }
}

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! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

# notification_email {

# acassen@firewall.loc

# failover@firewall.loc

# sysadmin@firewall.loc

# }

# notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

# smtp_server 192.168.200.1

# smtp_connect_timeout 30

# router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER #candidate master则写BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51 #同一个集群这个东西是一样的

priority 100 #从254到1，master > candidate master

advert_int 1

authentication { #认证账号，同一个集群一样

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress { #虚拟ip，主先用着，主跪了就飘给备

172.19.17.228

}

candidate MASTER的配置文件

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
#   notification_email {
#     acassen@firewall.loc
#     failover@firewall.loc
#     sysadmin@firewall.loc
#   }
#   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
#   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
#   smtp_connect_timeout 30
#   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.19.17.228
    }
}

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! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

# notification_email {

# acassen@firewall.loc

# failover@firewall.loc

# sysadmin@firewall.loc

# }

# notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

# smtp_server 192.168.200.1

# smtp_connect_timeout 30

# router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51

priority 50

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

172.19.17.228

}

三、配置masterha的ip failover脚本

新建文件：/script/masterha/master_ip_failover

service keepalived stop

1	service keepalived stop

四、使用测试

1.起keepalived

2.起mysql（注意，mysql的master ip应该配主机地址）

3.停master的mysql

[root@testdb1 ~]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL (Percona Server).....[  OK  ]
[root@testdb1 ~]# service keepalived status
keepalived is stopped
[root@testdb1 ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/test_MMS.cnf 
test_MMS is stopped(2:NOT_RUNNING).

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[root@testdb1 ~]# service mysql stop

Shutting down MySQL (Percona Server).....[ OK ]

[root@testdb1 ~]# service keepalived status

keepalived is stopped

[root@testdb1 ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/test_MMS.cnf

test_MMS is stopped(2:NOT_RUNNING).

4.测试failover是否成功

使用其他机器通过虚地址228登陆mysql

[root@banana ~]# mysql -h 172.19.17.228 -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 51
Server version: 5.6.19-67.0-log Percona Server (GPL), Release 67.0, Revision 618

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye

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[root@banana ~]# mysql -h 172.19.17.228 -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 51

Server version: 5.6.19-67.0-log Percona Server (GPL), Release 67.0, Revision 618

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit

Bye

能登陆，成功了。

5.检查两台备机的情况

candidate master（211）：

mysql> show slave status\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status
    -> ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000006 |      120 | test         |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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mysql> show slave status\G

Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status

-> ;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

已经成功升主。

slave（227）：

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.19.17.211
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120

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mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 172.19.17.211

Master_User: rep

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120

已经将主切换为211.

测试成功，大功告成。

香蕉与打火机 2014年11月20日 database, Linux, mysql 2 Read more >

oracle 查询占用temp表空间的sql

SELECT s.sid, s.username, u.tablespace, s.sql_hash_value||'/'||u.sqlhash hash_value, u.segtype, u.contents,
   u.extents, u.blocks
FROM v$session s, v$sort_usage u
WHERE s.saddr=u.session_addr;

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SELECT s.sid, s.username, u.tablespace, s.sql_hash_value||'/'||u.sqlhash hash_value, u.segtype, u.contents,

u.extents, u.blocks

FROM v$session s, v$sort_usage u

WHERE s.saddr=u.session_addr;

select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks 
  from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1 
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num 
   and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address 
   and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value  and sort1.blocks > 200;

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select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks

from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1

where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num

and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address

and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks > 200;

香蕉与打火机 2014年11月13日 Linux 0 Read more >